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The HPA axis involves the stimulation of hormone release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary by the hypothalamus. The adrenal cortex, as a component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes steroid hormones important for the regulation of the long-term stress response, blood pressure and blood volume, nutrient uptake and storage, fluid and electrolyte balance, and inflammation. Each region secretes its own set of hormones. The cortex itself is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis.

The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of glandular tissue and an inner medulla of nervous tissue. View the University of Michigan WebScope to explore the tissue sample in greater detail.